By the end of 15th century Bahlul Lodi firmly established theLodhi dynasty at Delhi.
He succeeded in bringing large area of North India under his control. After his death,
his son Sikandar Lodi succeeded him to the throne.
Sikandar Lodi
In the sixteenth century the Lodi Empire, under Sulta'n Sikandar Lodi, in North
India reached its zenith. In 1496, Sultan Hudin Sharqi, the ex-ruler of Jaunpur was
driven away from south Bihar and the Rajput chieftains in alliance with him were
either forced into submission, or uprooted. Their zamindaris were brought under the
control of the Sultan or reduced to the status of vassal principalities. Likewise, the
power of those Afghan and non-Afghan nobles, reluctant to acquiescelo the Sultan's
authority, was eliminated in the area around Delhi. In the first decade of the
sixteenth century, the annexation of Dholpur paved'the way for the expansion of the
Afghan rule in the regions of Rajputana and Malwa. The forts of Narwar and
Chanderi were annexed while the Khanzada of Nagaur acknowledged the suzerainty
of the Lodi Sultan in 1510-1 I . In short, the whole of North India; from Punjab in
the north-west to Saran and Champaran in north Bihar in the east, and Chanderi to
the south of Delhi were brought under the Lodi rule.
Ibrahim Lodi
Unlike his father, Sultan lbrahim Lodi (1517-1526) had to face the hostility of the
Afghan nobility soon after his accession to the throne in 1517. He found himself
surrounded by powerful nobles bent upon weakening the centre.to gain an upper
hand for themselves. His father had to fight against his brother; and relatives and
was supported by the nobles who wanted to replace the princes in the resourceful
provinces. Upon the death of Sultan Sikandar, the nobles decided to divide the
Empire between Sultan lbrahim Lodi and his yolinger brother Prince Jalal Khan
Lodi, the governor of Kalpi.
Sultan lbrahim was forced by them to accept the division which naturally weakend
the centre. Some time later, some of the senior nobles, like Khan Khanan Nuhani,
who came from their provinces to do obeisance to the new Sultan, criticised the
supporters of division, calling their action detrimental to the Empire. They also
persuaded the Sultan to rescind the agreement. On their advice, Sultan lbrahim sent
high nobles to Prince Jalal Khan. Their mission was to persuade him to withdraw
his claim and acknowledge his elder brother as the Sultan. The efforts went in vain
and this created a succession crisis.
At this juncture Sultan lbrahim appeared more powerful than his rival .brother.
Hence, the old nobles rallied round him. However, there were few exceptions like
'Azam Humayun Sarwani, the governor of Kara and his son Fath Khan Sarwani.
They stood by Jalal Khan but for some time only. When Sultan lbrahim marched in
person, even these two deserted Jalal Khan and joined the-sultan.
The Sultan deputed Azam Humayun Sarwani against Raja Bikrarnajit of Gwaliar.
This was done so because Prince Jala! Khan had taken shelter there. From Gwaliar,
Jalal Khan fled towards Malwa but was captured by the Gonds and sent as prisoner
to the Sultan in Agra. However, his escape from Gwaliar made the Sultan suspicious
of the loyalty of the old nobles to him. Azam Humayun was recalled and thrown
into prison. The Raja of Gwalar surrendered to the nobles and agreed to join the
service of the Sultan. He was given the territory of Shamsabad (Farrukhabad
district) in iqta. It was about this time that the celebrated wazir Mian Bhua also lost
royal confidence and was put under arrest. The imprisonment of the old nobles
sparked off wide-spread rebellion in the eastern region.
The Sultan raised his favourites to key positions at the court and sent others to the
provinces as governors. As a result, the old nobles became apprehensive of their
future and began to build up their power in the provinces. Darya Khan Nuhani, a
powerful governor of Rihar, became a rallying point for the dissatisfied nobles in the
east. About the same time, Babur occupied the sarkar of Bhera and Paulat Khan
Lodi, the supreme governor of the trans-Sultej Punjab, failed to liberate it. When
summoned\to the court, Daulat Khan did not come and revolted against the Sultan in Lahore.he
also invited the uncle of Sultan Ibrahim. 'Alam Khan Lodi and declared him as the new Sultan under the title of Sultan .
Alauddin. Both formed an alliance with Babur. the ruler of Kabul, against Sultan
lbrahim Rana $angram Singh and Babur also seems to have reached to an
understanding against lbrahim Lodi.
fore more
POLITY AND ECONOMY IN NORTH INDIA
He succeeded in bringing large area of North India under his control. After his death,
his son Sikandar Lodi succeeded him to the throne.
Sikandar Lodi
In the sixteenth century the Lodi Empire, under Sulta'n Sikandar Lodi, in North
India reached its zenith. In 1496, Sultan Hudin Sharqi, the ex-ruler of Jaunpur was
driven away from south Bihar and the Rajput chieftains in alliance with him were
either forced into submission, or uprooted. Their zamindaris were brought under the
control of the Sultan or reduced to the status of vassal principalities. Likewise, the
power of those Afghan and non-Afghan nobles, reluctant to acquiescelo the Sultan's
authority, was eliminated in the area around Delhi. In the first decade of the
sixteenth century, the annexation of Dholpur paved'the way for the expansion of the
Afghan rule in the regions of Rajputana and Malwa. The forts of Narwar and
Chanderi were annexed while the Khanzada of Nagaur acknowledged the suzerainty
of the Lodi Sultan in 1510-1 I . In short, the whole of North India; from Punjab in
the north-west to Saran and Champaran in north Bihar in the east, and Chanderi to
the south of Delhi were brought under the Lodi rule.
Ibrahim Lodi
Unlike his father, Sultan lbrahim Lodi (1517-1526) had to face the hostility of the
Afghan nobility soon after his accession to the throne in 1517. He found himself
surrounded by powerful nobles bent upon weakening the centre.to gain an upper
hand for themselves. His father had to fight against his brother; and relatives and
was supported by the nobles who wanted to replace the princes in the resourceful
provinces. Upon the death of Sultan Sikandar, the nobles decided to divide the
Empire between Sultan lbrahim Lodi and his yolinger brother Prince Jalal Khan
Lodi, the governor of Kalpi.
Sultan lbrahim was forced by them to accept the division which naturally weakend
the centre. Some time later, some of the senior nobles, like Khan Khanan Nuhani,
who came from their provinces to do obeisance to the new Sultan, criticised the
supporters of division, calling their action detrimental to the Empire. They also
persuaded the Sultan to rescind the agreement. On their advice, Sultan lbrahim sent
high nobles to Prince Jalal Khan. Their mission was to persuade him to withdraw
his claim and acknowledge his elder brother as the Sultan. The efforts went in vain
and this created a succession crisis.
At this juncture Sultan lbrahim appeared more powerful than his rival .brother.
Hence, the old nobles rallied round him. However, there were few exceptions like
'Azam Humayun Sarwani, the governor of Kara and his son Fath Khan Sarwani.
They stood by Jalal Khan but for some time only. When Sultan lbrahim marched in
person, even these two deserted Jalal Khan and joined the-sultan.
The Sultan deputed Azam Humayun Sarwani against Raja Bikrarnajit of Gwaliar.
This was done so because Prince Jala! Khan had taken shelter there. From Gwaliar,
Jalal Khan fled towards Malwa but was captured by the Gonds and sent as prisoner
to the Sultan in Agra. However, his escape from Gwaliar made the Sultan suspicious
of the loyalty of the old nobles to him. Azam Humayun was recalled and thrown
into prison. The Raja of Gwalar surrendered to the nobles and agreed to join the
service of the Sultan. He was given the territory of Shamsabad (Farrukhabad
district) in iqta. It was about this time that the celebrated wazir Mian Bhua also lost
royal confidence and was put under arrest. The imprisonment of the old nobles
sparked off wide-spread rebellion in the eastern region.
The Sultan raised his favourites to key positions at the court and sent others to the
provinces as governors. As a result, the old nobles became apprehensive of their
future and began to build up their power in the provinces. Darya Khan Nuhani, a
powerful governor of Rihar, became a rallying point for the dissatisfied nobles in the
east. About the same time, Babur occupied the sarkar of Bhera and Paulat Khan
Lodi, the supreme governor of the trans-Sultej Punjab, failed to liberate it. When
summoned\to the court, Daulat Khan did not come and revolted against the Sultan in Lahore.he
also invited the uncle of Sultan Ibrahim. 'Alam Khan Lodi and declared him as the new Sultan under the title of Sultan .
Alauddin. Both formed an alliance with Babur. the ruler of Kabul, against Sultan
lbrahim Rana $angram Singh and Babur also seems to have reached to an
understanding against lbrahim Lodi.
fore more
POLITY AND ECONOMY IN NORTH INDIA
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